It has been believed by philosophers since thousands of years that religion and Islam do not  have primary rationalism. In Islam, or religion, there is no primary rationalism. They have secondary rationalism. They don’t have direct argument, they use indirect argument, which is a secondary form of argument. Philosophers believed that religion is not based on reason. According to them, reasoning is that which is based on direct argument. Reason is based on primary rationalism, not secondary rationalism. I studied this and then wrote a book, Religion and Science. I explained in the book that philosophers' belief in atheism was a fallacy. The philosophers were right when human knowledge had not reached microscopic level, that is, when the atom had not broken down. But when the atom was split, it came to be known that atom is not the final unit of matter. There are electrons and protons that make up the atom. The electron is unseen. No one can see electrons.

When you go to the doctor for X-ray, he presses a switch and then within seconds an image is formed. How does this image form? The X-rays pass through your body and form an image. You cannot see these X-rays. These rays cannot be seen through a telescope or microscope. Many things which came to be known. It was then understood that reality is not only that which is visible, but also that which is unseen. Everything ultimately is made of electrons and protons. The entire universe is a mad dance of electrons. This is an unseen dance which cannot be seen. When everything is reduced to electrons, everything became unseen in the final analysis.

Earlier it was believed that we live in a seen world. But later it came to be known that we live in an unseen world. This brought about a change in logic. Earlier it was thought that we are in the age of logical positivism, that is, only that thing has real existence for which we can find a direct argument. But it was later understood that nothing can be seen. Everything must be known without seeing, through effects.

For example, X-rays. You don’t see the X-rays. You only see the effect of X-rays. You realized from the image that X-rays passed through my body. What happened after this? Inferential argument also became as valid as the direct argument. I realized this through my study and wrote it down in my book. The fallacy that Islamic beliefs cannot be proved through scientific argument, I showed that the arguments used in science can also help establish religious beliefs.